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What is social media/cyberbullying?

Cyberbullying is when someone uses electronic communication—like social media, text messages, or emails—to harass, threaten, or humiliate another person. This can include spreading rumours, sharing private or embarrassing information, posting hurtful comments, or even impersonating someone online. The aim is to intimidate, embarrass, or harm the victim, and it can have devastating emotional and psychological effects.

How common is cyberbullying in South Africa?

South Africa has one of the highest rates of cyberbullying in the world. According to a 2018 Ipsos survey, 51% of South African teens reported experiencing cyberbullying, which is significantly higher than the global average of 37%. The COVID-19 pandemic has made the problem worse, with online toxicity and bullying increasing by up to 70% as more people spend time online. Studies show that between 15% and 56% of South African adolescents have experienced some form of cyberbullying, depending on the sample and definitions used.

How many people seek help each month for social media bullying?

While exact monthly figures are not available in the public domain, organisations like the South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG) and others report a steady increase in calls and requests for assistance related to cyberbullying, especially since the pandemic. A majority of South African parents (54%) know of a child in their community who has been a victim of cyberbullying.

What drives people to become online bullies?

There are several reasons why people engage in cyberbullying:

• The anonymity of the internet makes it easier to bully without facing immediate consequences.
• Some bullies are motivated by peer pressure, jealousy, revenge, or boredom.
• Others may have experienced bullying themselves and try to regain a sense of control by targeting others.
• Traits such as low empathy, impulsivity, and a need for power or popularity are also linked to this behaviour.

Who are the typical perpetrators?

Cyberbullying can be perpetrated by anyone, but studies suggest it is most common among adolescents and young adults. Both boys and girls are involved, though some research indicates girls may be slightly more likely to be victims or perpetrators in certain settings. Perpetrators can be individuals or groups, and sometimes even people the victim knows in real life.

What laws protect South Africans from online bullying?

South Africa has several laws to protect against cyberbullying:

• Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020: Criminalises cyberbullying and other online offences, with specialised police units to investigate these crimes. Offenders can face fines or imprisonment.
• Protection from Harassment Act (PFHA): Allows victims to apply for protection orders against harassers, including those online. Breaching such an order is a criminal offence.
• Electronic Communications and Transactions Act (ECTA): Prohibits using electronic communications to harass or defame someone.
• Film and Publications Act: Regulates harmful online content, especially to protect minors.
• Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act (PEPUDA): Prohibits harassment and unfair discrimination, including online.

How can society and social media platforms help curb cyberbullying?

• Education and Awareness: Schools and communities must run campaigns to educate young people about the dangers of cyberbullying and how to respond.
• Support Services: Organisations like SADAG offer hotlines and counselling for victims.
• Reporting and Blocking: Social media platforms provide tools to report and block bullies, and many have policies to remove harmful content.
• Legal Action: Victims can seek protection orders, report crimes to the police, and in some cases, take civil action for damages.
• Community Involvement: Parents, teachers, and peers should support victims and promote a culture of respect online.

What rights do victims have?

Victims of cyberbullying in South Africa have several rights:

• They can report the incident to the police, especially if it involves threats, harassment, or the sharing of private information.
• They can apply for a protection order from a Magistrate’s Court, even without a lawyer.
• They can request the removal of harmful online content through court orders.
• They may be able to claim civil damages if their dignity or reputation has been harmed.

Additional Information

• Cyberbullying can have severe mental health effects, including depression, anxiety, and even suicidal thoughts, especially among teenagers.
• The impact is not limited to individuals—families and communities also suffer from the ripple effects of online abuse.
• Addressing cyberbullying requires a coordinated effort between government, law enforcement, social media companies, schools, and families.

In summary, cyberbullying is a serious and growing problem in South Africa, but there are legal protections and support systems in place. Raising awareness, strengthening laws, and fostering a culture of empathy and respect online are crucial steps in tackling this issue.